Cooperative L''s 5 elements

 Elements of Cooperative Learning 

(Мои намеси и коментар, Й.Ат.:

1. Номерирането с цифри и част от форматиране с I, B & U и главни букви  са мои;
2. Елементи 2-4 присъстват във всички УКУ-групи по подразбиране, чрез основните седмичните дейности, а елемент 5 - само взаимна рефлексия, без налягане групови решение. И петте елемента - само когато една УКУ-група реши да приложи ?метода? кооперативно учене).

 

"Johnson and Johnson (2009) posited five variables that mediate the effectiveness of cooperation.^[12] Brown & Ciuffetelli Parker (2009) and Siltala (2010) discuss the 5 basic and essential elements to cooperative learning:^{[24][25][26][27]}  

 1) The first element is positive interdependence. Students must fully participate and put forth effort within their group, and each group member has a task, role or responsibility, therefore must believe that they are responsible for their learning and that of their group.

 2) The second element is face-to-face promotive interaction. Members must promote each other's success, and students explain to one another what they have or are learning and assist one another with understanding and completion of assignments.

 3) The third element is individual and group accountability. Each student must demonstrate mastery of the content being studied and each student is accountable for their learning and work, therefore eliminating social loafing.

 4) The fourth element is social skills, which must be taught in order for successful cooperative learning to occur. The skills include effective communication and interpersonal and group skills. For example, leadership, decision-making, trust-building, friendship-development, communication, and conflict-management skills.

5) The fifth element is group processing. Group processing occurs when group members reflect on which member actions were helpful and make decisions about which actions to continue or change. The purpose of group processing is to clarify and improve the effectiveness with which members carry out the processes necessary to achieve the group's goals.

 

In order for STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TO IMPROVE considerably, two characteristics must be present.^[28]  

 1) Firstly, when designing cooperative learning tasks and reward structures, individual responsibility and accountability must be identified. Individuals must know exactly what their responsibilities are and that they are accountable to the group in order to reach their goal. "

 2) Secondly, all group members must be involved in order for the group to complete the task. In order for this to occur each member must have a task that they are responsible for which cannot be completed by any other group member.