Концепции към УКУ Практика / Свързване с практиката

Apprenticeship 

"There is no global consensus on a single term for apprenticeship. Depending on the culture, country and sector, the same or similar definitions are used to describe the terms apprenticeship, internship, and trainee-ship. The latter two terms may be preferred in the health sector. One example is internships in medicine for physicians and trainee-ships for nurses – and western countries. Apprenticeship is the preferred term of the European Commission and the one selected for use by the European Center for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP), which has developed many studies on the subject. Some non-European countries adapt European apprenticeship practices.[citation needed]




Typology of Apprenticeships[6]
Apprenticeships can be divided into two main categories: Independent and Cooperative.[7]

Independent apprenticeships are those organized and managed by employers, without any involvement from educational institutions. They happen dissociated from any educational curricula, which means that, usually, the apprentices are not involved in any educational programme at the same time but, even if they are, there is no relation between the undergoing studies and the apprenticeship.

Cooperative apprenticeships are those organized and managed in cooperation between educational institutions and employers. They vary in terms of governance, some being more employer lead and others more educational institution lead, but they are always associated with a curriculum and are designed as a mean for students to put theory in practice and master knowledge in a way that empowers them with professional autonomy. Their main characteristics could be summarized into the following:

Institution and Employer shared GovernanceInstitution led Governance (long cycle)Institution led Governance (short cycle)Employer led Governance
Education programISCED 6ISCED 6ISCED 6ISCED 5–6
Type of programInstitution- & work-integratedHigher Vocational Education, Professional Higher Education, Higher EducationHigher Vocational Education, Professional Higher Education, Higher EducationHigher Vocational Education, Professional Higher Education
Average length3–4 years2–3 years2–3 years1 year
Balance theory/practiceAlternating theory & practice (50%–50%)Short placements from few weeks to 6 monthsPlacements from 30 to 40% of the curriculumEmployed for a minimum of 30 hours per week, 20% of learning hours must be off-the-job
Location of learningInstitution- & work-integratedInstitution- & work-integratedInstitution- & work-integratedWork-based
ContractYesYesYesYes
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